读者来信栏目在公众舆论和政治传播中的作用——以国民政府时期报刊为中心的考察

The Letter Columus' Effect on Public Opinion,Political Communication——A Survey of the Press of Kuomintang Period

公众舆论是现代民主政治的重要表现形式,其本质上表现为社会公众的政治参与和理性批判意识。大众媒介不仅能为民众参与民主政治提供重要渠道和平台,而且有助于培养民众的理性批判意识,在这方面,报刊的读者信箱栏目发挥着不可替代的作用。国民政府时期,我国报刊界首次掀起了设立读者来信栏目的高潮,而读者信箱栏目扮演着引导民众参与政治的全新角色。信箱栏目的政治传播功能有三点:其一是为编者读者提供交流的公共空间,实现报刊与民众的真正结合;其二是培养民众辩论的理性与洞察力;其三是鼓励和引导民众关心国家社会、参与政治讨论。

The public opinion is very important to the modern democratic politics. Its essence displays as political participation in the social public and consciousness of rational critique. The mass media not only can provide the mass an important channel and platform to participate in the democratic politics, but also is helpful to raise the consciousness of rational critique. In this aspect, the letter columns play a great role which cannot be substituted. It is in the Kuomintang period that for the first time press community raises the high tide to set up the letter columns of readers. Thus,the letter columns act as a brand-new role guiding the populace to participate in political. The political communicative function of the letter column is as fellow： Firstly,providing public space for the interaction between the editor and reader and realizing the true union of the press and mass;Secondly, raising the rationality and the insight;Thirdly, encouraging and guiding the public to concern with the national and social affairs and participate in political discussion.