卡龙再考

The Qalun Re-Examined

卡龙(又称卡龙琴)是弹拨乐器,主要在新疆维吾尔自治区刀郎木卡姆音乐中使用。新疆歌舞团从1956年开始演奏卡龙琴,并将其纳入十二木卡姆音乐演奏的主要乐器之中。新疆艺术学院从1992年正式设置卡龙琴专业。虽然在西方文献中没有提到卡龙琴,但在维吾尔木卡姆中,卡龙是一种非常重要的乐器,而且是值得重新研究的。本文拟在探究维吾尔卡龙和西亚阿拉伯波斯卡侬之间的关系,探讨卡龙、卡侬、桑吐茹的乐器史,试图阐明卡龙琴在维吾尔木卡姆音乐中的历史发展。

Qalun （or kalongqin） is the plucked box zither （or psaltery） used mainly in the Dolan Muqam of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. The qalun was adopted in 1956 by Xinjiang Song and Dance Ensemble, and since then it became a standard instrument of the Twelve Muqam. The qalun has been officially taught at the Xinjiang Arts Institute since 1992. Although commonly neglected in Western literatures, the qalun is an important instrument in the Chinese Xinjiang Uygur Muqam tradition, and worth being re - examined. This paper explores the Uygur qalun in relation to West Asian qāmūn, and also includes organological iconographic discussion of the qalun,qāmūn , and the santur depicted in several Persian miniatures and attempts to elucidate its historical development in the context of the Chinese Xinjiang Uygur Muqam.