演讲语篇中的修辞互动:演讲者与受众之间的权力关系

Rhetorical Interaction in Speech Discourse:Power Relations Between Speaker and Audience

演讲在当今全球化时代的交流中作为促进合作的有力方式起重要作用,但目前国内对演讲的研究主要从纯语言学的角度进行,侧重辞格、文体等文本内的语言因素,还不能满足指导解读与实践的需要。而西方演讲修辞批评的核心思想则主要关注演讲者与受众之间的权力关系:在演讲互动中,演讲者可以运用认同与施压的修辞手法影响受众,而受众则拥有评判的相对优势来反作用于演讲者。为展现演讲者与受众之间的修辞互动,文章分析了克林顿在北大的演讲,希望对中国的演讲者及受众有借鉴意义,推动演讲理论与实践的发展。

Speech plays an important role as a dynamic mode for inducing cooperation in this age of globalization; however, domestic study of speech, which has been mostly confined to aspects of linguistics and focuses on figures of speech, style and other microlinguistlc textual elements, cannot serve as a guide to the understanding and practice of speech. Different from this traditional study of speech in China, the core of the Western rhetorical criticism of speech is to discover the power relations between speaker and audience. In the course of the speech interaction, the speaker can resort to the rhetorical means, identification as well as coercion, to influence the audience; on the other hand, the audience can react to this by making good use of their right of making the final judgment. In order to illustrate the rhetorical interaction between speaker and audience, this paper analyzes Bill Clinton＇s speech at Peking University, We hope that it may provide Chinese speaker and audience with some salutary references and promote the development of the theory and practice of speech.