银杏愈合组织诱导的叶源建立及高黄酮外植体的筛选

Leave source from callus induction and flavonoid content in callus from different tissues of five Ginkgo biloba cultivars

对5个银杏Ginkgo biloba优良品种无菌苗茎段产生的芽苗叶片生长进行调控，建立愈合组织诱导的稳定叶源，并分别对5个品种不同器官的愈合组织诱导、生长及黄酮质量分数进行了比较。结果表明，无菌芽苗添加0．1—0．5mg·L^-1萘乙酸（NAA）＋0．5～1．0mg·L^-16-苄基腺嘌呤（6．BA）有利于叶面积的生长（P〈0．01）。5个品种中，28号和79号品种愈合组织诱导率较高，与其他品种有极显著的差异；N6培养基和6-BA适于愈合组织的诱导，但不利于愈合组织的继代培养；MS培养基和激动素（KT）对愈合组织继代有利；28号和79号品种愈合组织中黄酮质量分数较高；根外植体诱导的愈合组织黄酮最高，叶片与子叶次之，茎段诱导的愈合组织类黄酮质量分数最少。

The objectives of this study with Ginkgo biloba were to establish a callus culture system for leaf sources and to determine the flavonoid content in callus from different gingko tissues. Five elite cuhivars （Number 44, 45, 28, 79 and 53） with mediums of N6, MS （Murashige ＆ Skoog medium）, improved MS and DCR （Douglas-fir cotyledon revised medium）, and growth supplements of NAA （naphthalene acetic acid ）, 6-BA （6- benzylaminopurine）, and KT （kinetin）were tested with roots, leaves, cotyledons, and stems as cultured explants. The induction rate, growth, and flavonoid content in the callus from different cuhivars and explants were canpared. Results indicated that a supplement of 0.1 - 0.5 mg· L^- 1 of NAA and 0.5 - 1.0 mg· L^- 1 of 6-BA in the medium favored leaf size （P 〈 0.01）. The induction rates of leaf callus in cuhivars ＇28＇ and ＇79＇ were significantly higher （P 〈 0.01） than the other cuhivars. Medium N6 was better for inducing callus than MS, but N6 was not better for a subculture. The 6-BA supplement in a medium more readily （P 〈 0.01 ） induced callus than KT. Also, the flavonoid content in the callus of cultivars ＇28＇ and ＇79＇ was higher （ P 〈 0.01） than the other cuhivars. For all cuhivars, flavonoid content in the callus from different explants was root 〉 leaf 〉 cotyledon 〉 stem. [Ch, 2 fig. 4tab. 18 ref.]