“兴趣”与“实存”:“行为的理由”与“直观的经验对象”——对康德美学第一契机的重新解读

当前对于康德美学第一契机中的两个关键词“兴趣”与“实存”的误读源于脱离康德整个批判哲学体系。在康德哲学中,带有兴趣的愉悦感都与行为的理由联系在一起,任何实践活动都是要把欲求的对象变成一个直观的经验对象,反之,不带任何兴趣的审美的愉悦感与行为的理由没有任何关联,这种愉悦感的产生在于想像力能够超出对象的“实存”创造出具有某种普遍性的、与知性之机能协调一致的“形式”。

The present misinterpretations of the two key words ＇ interest＇ and ＇ existence＇ in the first moment of Kant＇s aesthetic originated from the departure from Kant＇s whole critical philosophy system. In Kant＇s philosophy, the pleasures with interest are all related to the reason of action, each practical activity aims to change the object of desire into an experiential object of intuition. On the contrary, the aesthetical pleasures without any interest haven＇t any relationship with the reason of ac- tion, this kind of pleasure will come into being only if the imagination can create certain universal ＇ form＇ which transcends ＇ the existence＇ of object and harmonizes with the faculty of understanding