双语与双语教育:国外发展概况

Bilingualism and Bilingual Education: A Review of Development Abroad

双语教育是一个复杂的系统,从学生个人的认知、学习能力、家庭环境、教师的教学安排和教学方法、课堂师生、生生的互动,到政府管理部门以及整个社会文化环境的影响,这些微观和宏观的因素都决定着双语教育的成败。从第二语言学习的理论研究及各国的具体经验中可以看出,因地制宜地安排课程,采取以学生为中心,语义、语法和语用三结合的教学方式,发挥自下而上的自发动力等等,这些是双语教育成功的重要因素。

Bilingual education consists of a complex system, which is determined by a wide range of both microcosmic and macroscopic factors including individual students＂ cognitive and learning capacities, family background, teachers＂ teaching methods, classroom interactions, government and school policies, and the oerall societal environment. The findings from recent second language acquisition research and experiences from different countries suggest that, in order for bilingual education to succeed, curriculums need to be adaptive to local situations, the teaching has to be student -centered, individual students, parents and teachers are to be engaged in a bottom - up dynamics, and focuses not only on form and meaning, but also on language use.