人文主义与自然：对一种复杂关系的反思

Humanism and Nature:Some Reflections on a Complex Relationship

探讨人文主义与自然的关系问题，关键在于如何处理文化与自然的关系。由于对人类文化属性的强调，人文主义把人性视为文化的产物，并将其与自然置于强烈的对比和对立关系之中。此种人文主义观念对于人类正在遭遇的生态危机有一定关系。但是人文主义并不因此而应该受到完全否定。问题的出路不在于人类文化的重新自然化，也不在于自然的文化化，而在于寻求一种将人性看作自然与文化之合成的新人文主义。借此，人文主义能够将其对自然的传统理解作为人类文化成就的潜能保持下来。同时，它还可以获得一种新的跨文化普遍性，使人类能够在保持文化差异性和多样性的前提下分享共同人性，重新认识人类的本质。

The key issue in understanding the relation between Humanism and nature is the connection of culture with nature.By emphasizing on the'cultural nature'of man,Humanism takes humanity as the product of culture and places humanity in a position that strictly contrasts with and opposites to nature.This idea is in a sense responsible for the ecological crisis of today.Nevertheless, Humanism should not be completely rejected merely because of this situation.Sounder understanding of human-natural relationship is neither a denaturalization of human culture,nor the culturalization of nature.Rather,it relays to finding a new Humanism which takes human nature as a synthesis of nature and culture.By doing so,Humanism can keep up its traditional reference to nature as a potential for the cultural achievements of humankind.Moreover,it can gain a new transcultural universalism,which could make us find ourselves as humans again by sharing common humanity within our cultural diversity and plurality.