鸦片战争前后研究边疆和域外史地的学者群

The Scholastic Crowds Who Studied the Historical Geography of Chinese Borderlands and Foreign Countries around the Opium War

在第一次边疆和域外史地研究高潮期,史地研究学者约有48家之多。除著名的徐松、张穆、何秋涛三大家之外,还有诸如俞正燮、张澍、龚自珍、林则徐、魏源、沈垚等一大批研究学者,形成了一个以研究边疆史地为主体,进而推及域外史地等领域的学者群体。从社会身份上看,该群体成员大致可分三类:一是学者型官吏;二是官吏型学者;三是相对纯粹型学者。这些人士的识见有高低之分,成就有大小之别,甚至学术所崇多有歧异,但他们为边疆和域外史地研究的兴起和蓬勃发展都作出了各自的贡献。本文拟对鸦片战争前后的三类史地学者及其学术成就作一简述。

The scholars who studied the historical geography during the first upsurge of the Opium War amounted to more than 48 persons, which consisted of Yu Zhengxie, Zhang Shu, Gong Zizhen, Lin Zexu, Wei Yuan, Shen Yao, besides the famous scholars Xu Song, Zhang Mu and He Qintao. They formed a scholar group which mainly studied China frontier historical geography, advancing the study of foreign historical geography and other fields. In a view of their social status, they may be divided into three groups: scholarly officeholders, official scholars and relatively pure scholars. Though different in their insight, accomplishment and learning belief, they all had contribution to the upsurge and development in the historical geography of Chinese borderlands and foreign countries.