玻璃体切割手术治疗葡萄膜炎并发牵拉性视网膜脱离

Pars plana vitrectomy for uveitis associated with tractive retinal detachment

目的探讨玻璃体切割手术治疗葡萄膜炎并发牵拉性视网膜脱离（TRD）的视力预后、手术时机及其围手术期治疗方法。方法回顾分析我科葡萄膜炎专科门诊确诊为全葡萄膜炎并发TRD的13例患者15只玻璃体切割手术治疗眼的临床资料。患者男性6例，女性7例。年龄19.0～70.0岁，平均年龄42.8岁。葡萄膜炎病史3～15年，平均病史7年。15只眼中，视力为眼前数指者7只眼，0.01～0.1者7只眼，0.2者1只眼。均有玻璃体混浊，间接检眼镜和B型超声检查均存在增生性玻璃体视网膜病变和TRD。13例患者均口服泼尼松，其中3例同时口服硫唑嘌呤。眼部滴用1%百力特、1%阿托品和复方托品酰胺眼液。15只眼葡萄膜炎炎症控制静止时间0.5～4.5个月，平均时间2.0个月。炎症静止后采用经睫状体平坦部的玻璃体切割、剥膜、眼内激光光凝、惰性气体（C3F8）或硅油填充等联合手术，其中7只眼同时行晶状体切除手术。手术前给予患者顿服糖皮质激素，手术后全身、眼部继续应用糖皮质激素治疗，3例同时口服硫唑嘌呤。手术后随诊3～146个月，平均随访时间26个月。结果手术后15只眼均无葡萄膜炎复发，眼前节无炎症反应，玻璃体炎症消失。13只眼视网膜复位良好，视力提高，占86．7％。其中，2只眼视力提高显著，分别由0．2提高至0．8，0．03提高至0．6。1只眼视力无改变，占6．7％；1只眼视力由手动下降至光感，占6．7％。随诊中，4只眼出现并发性白内障，均行白内障摘除人工晶状体植入手术。手术后视力均有明显提高。1只眼虹膜出现新生血管而发生前房积血。另外1只眼视网膜表面再次出现机化膜及局限性TRD。结论采用玻璃体切割手术治疗葡萄膜炎并发TRD可以获得较满意疗效。手术适应证及手术时机选择是保证手术成功的关键，围手术期全身及眼部合理应用糖皮质激素是保证手术成功的重要措施。

Objective To detect the prognosis of visual acuity, operation timing and medical management of peri-operation in patients who had undergone pars plana vitrectomy for uveitis associated with tractive retinal detachment. Methods The clinical data of 15 eyes （13 patients） with tractive retinal detachment associated with uveitis who had undergone pars plana vitrectomy from our Department were retrospectively analyzed. The patients, 6 males and 7 females, aged from 19. 0 to 70. 0 years, with the average of 42.8 years. The duration of the disease history was 3-15 years with the average of 7 years. In the 15 affected eyes, the visual acuity was ≤hand moving before the eye in 7 eyes, 0. 01-0. 0 in 7, and 0. 2 in 1. Vitreous opacity, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, and tractive retinal detachment were found in all of the affected eyes. All the patients had been treated with oral and topical steroid. In addition, 3 of them received oral azathioprine meanwhile. Eye drops of 1% prednisolone acetate, 1% atropine, and tropicamide were used. The inactive duration of inflammation of uveitis was 0. 5-4.5 months with the average of 2. 0 months. After the inflammation became inactive, pars plana vitrectomy with membrane peeling, intraocular photocoagulation, filling with C3F8 or silicon oil were performed, including 7 eyes underwent lens excision. Glucocorticoid was given to the patients orally before the operation, and systemic and ocular medication of glucocorticoid were given continuously after the operation, in whom 3 were treated with oral azathioprine meanwhile. The postoperative follow-up duration ranged from 3 to 146 months with the average of 26 months. Results No recrudescence of uveitis, inflammation of ocular anterior segment, or vitreous inflammation was fund in the 15 eyes. The retina reattached successfully and the visual acuity improvement in 13 eyes （86.7%）, inluding 2 eyes achieved the visual acuity increased from 0. 2 to 0. 8 and 0. 03 to 0. 6, 1 eye had unchanged visual acuity （6.7%）, and 1 eye decreased from hand moving to light perception （6.7%）. In the follow-up duration, 4 eyes had cataract formation and underwent cataract extraction and intraocular lens （IOL） implantation, and the visual acuity improved after the operation. Iris neovascularization and secondary hyphema were found in 1 eye. Organization membrane on the surface of rtina and tractive retinal detachment recurred in another eye. Conclusion Pars plana vitrectomy is effective on uveitis associated with tractive retinal detachment. Operation timing and perioperational reasonable glucocorticoid application are essential for surgery success.