肝移植术后腹泻的相关病因及处理

Etiology and Management of Diarrhea after Liver Transplantation

目的探讨肝移植术后腹泻的相关病因及处理。方法复习相关文献。结果肝移植术后腹泻的发生率约为10．00％～35．44％，可造成患者严重的体液和电解质的丢失、不适感、免疫抑制剂血药浓度的增高。艰难梭菌、巨细胞病毒和轮状病毒感染及免疫抑制剂是最常见的病因。在支持治疗同时，着重判断引起腹泻的诱因和类型，予以对应治疗。结论腹泻是肝移植术后常见的并发症，病因复杂，合理的处理方法有助于降低其危害性。

Objective To review the recent studies regarding etiology and management of diarrhea after liver transplantation. Methods The current related literatures about the etiology and management of diarrhea after liver transplantation were reviewed. Results There were approximately 10.00% to 35.44% recipients developed diarrhea after liver transplantation. Other symptoms such as severe body fluid and electrolyte loss, discomfort, and increase blood level of immunosuppressive drug can be caused by diarrhea as well. Clostridium difficile, cytomegalovirus, rotavirus infection and immunosuppressant were main etiological factors. It is important to find out the inducement of diarrhea and work out the corresponding management and other supportive care on the basis of the etiology. Conclusion Diarrhea is a common complication of liver transplantation whose etiology is complex. Appropriate approaches may be helpful to decrease the risk of this complication.