军演官兵心理应激状态及人格特征的相关性研究

Studies on the correlation between psychological stress status and the personality of the soldiers who participated in a large-scale military exercise

目的探讨参加军演官兵心理应激状态及与人格特征的关系,为对军事应激条件下进行适宜的心理干预提供依据。方法对参加军演的126名官兵,在军演前后分别应用军人心理应激自评问卷(PSET)、症状自评表(SCL-90)进行精神卫生状况调查,采用艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)进行个性调查,并与军演后SCL-90各因子进行相关分析。结果126名官兵军演后PSET评分,T分≥70分的人数由9人增至35人,军演后PSET积分增高,与军演前比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);军演后官兵SCL-90评分中躯体化、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖、偏执、精神病性、附加项目等较军演前明显增高(P<0.05),军演后官兵精神质(P)和神经质(N)分值高于军演前(P<0.05),而内外向(E)和掩饰(L)分值军演前后比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。军演后SCL-90因子评分与EPQ量表的精神质(P)和神经质(N)成正相关,与内外向(E)和掩饰(L)分值成负相关。结论军演作为一种较强烈的心理刺激引起一系列的心理应激变化和损害,情绪不稳定和过于内向等性格容易产生心理障碍,选择适宜的心理训练,对提高官兵的心理应激能力十分必要。

Objective To investigate the correlation between psychological stress status and the personality of the soldiers who took part in a large-seale military exercise. Methods The psychological stress self-evaluation test （PSET）, SCL-90 game and Eysenck personality questionnaire （EPQ） were conducted in 126 servicemen before and after a field military exercise. Correlation between psychological stress status and their personality profile was studied versus the SCL-90 after military exercise, Results 126 servicemen who had taken part in the military exercise were tested with PSET. The number of persons whose PSET data T≥70 increased from 9 before the exercise to 35 after the exercise （P〈0. 05）. After a field military exercise, number of positive items and subscores of SCL-90 increased than before. Compared with that of before exercise, subscores of somstization, anxiety, obsession, phobia, paranoia, psychosis and additional subsores were all elevated （P〈0. 05）. The scores of psychoticism （P） and the neuroticism （N） of EPQ were higher after the expercise than that of before exercise. No significant difference was found in in the scores in extroversion （E） and concealment （L） of EPQ （P〈0.05）. Scores of SCL- 90 were positively with psychoticism （P） and neuroticism （N） of EPQ sensitivity scores, and negatively correlated with extrovesion （E） and concealment（L） of EPQ. Conclusion As a strong psychosocial stress, the field military exercise can lead to psychological change and injurions effect in personality in servicemen. Personality and interpersonal relation were the main factors in inducing negative psychological status. A suitable psychological intervention can reduce the stress induced by military exercise and enhance the mental health of the servicemen.