落叶堆肥过程中有机物的动态变化

Dynamic Transformation of Organic Matter During Thermophilic Composting of Litter

为研究落叶堆肥过程中有机物的动态变化特征,进行了50 d的高温好氧堆肥试验.结果表明:堆肥中有机质、挥发性固体、腐殖质、游离腐植酸以及富里酸(FA)呈下降趋势;腐殖质碳/有机碳[w(GHM)/w(TOC)]先减小后增加,最后稳定在47.3%-47.6%;胡敏酸[w(HA)]呈上升趋势;胡敏酸/富里酸[w(HA)/w(FA)]在堆肥过程中迅速增加,从堆肥初始的0.43增加到堆肥结束时的1.02,表明堆肥有机物向腐殖化和稳定化方向转化;E4/E6先增加后缓慢降低.表明w(GHM)/w(TOC)可作为评价落叶堆肥腐熟和稳定的参考指标,而腐殖质含量、w(HA)/w(FA)以及E4/E6作为评价落叶堆肥腐熟的指标不太合适.

Thermophilic composting of litter was studied to evaluate the dynamic characteristics of organic matter transformation and provide parameters for product maturity with chemical analysis. The results indicated that organic matter, volatile solid, humus（HM）, free humic acid and fulvic acid [w（FA） ] decreased constantly, but humic acid [ w （HA） ] increased during the composting. However The ratio of HM to organic matter decreased to minimum at 4th d, but increased thereafter and then the ratio stablized in 47.3 % -47.6% at last. w （HA）/w （FA） was keeping quickly increase during the composting, it was from 0.43 at beginning to 1.02 at the end of composting, that indicated the progression of composting to humification and stability. On the contrary the E4/E6 increased in the initial stage but decreased thereafter. All results demonstrated that w（ CHM）/w（TOC） was suitable to be used as the chemical index of litter compost maturity and stability, but the HM content, w（ HA）/w（ FA）, and FA/E6 were unsuitable.