高血压病人自我效能的调查分析

A Survey on Self-efficiency of Hypertensives

目的通过对住院高血压病人的调查,了解高血压病人的自我效能水平,为实施有针对性的护理干预措施提供依据。方法对广州市2家三级甲等医院,符合入选标准的住院高血压病人163名,应用自制的《高血压病人自我效能评价表》进行调查分析。根据调查的结果,对自我效能最低的“饮食结构”、“监测血压”和“定期复诊”3个方面做了更细的影响因素调查。结果在调查的163名高血压病人中,自我效能得分≤2分的人数占一半以上或接近一半的有6项,分别是坚持运动(56.4%),得分(2.20±1.25)分;合理饮食结构(52.1%),得分(2.34±1.38)分;控制饮食量(49.7%),得分(2.71±1.10)分;控制情绪(70.6%),得分(2.02±1.15)分;监测血压(69.3%),得分(1.41±1.53)分;定期复诊(79.7%),得分(1.33±1.44)分。在自我效能影响因素调查中,52.1%的病人对合理饮食结构没有信心,最主要的原因是“不知道低盐低脂的具体食物”和“不知怎样搭配”;69.3%的病人对监测血压没有信心,最主要的原因是“不知道怎样测量血压”;79.8%的病人对定期复诊没有信心,最主要的原因是“没有不舒服,”这种感觉常常会使病人忽略定期复诊的重要性而对定期复诊没有信心,这种情况占没有信心定期复诊病人的43.9%。结论高血压病人的自我效能水平普遍不高,尤其表现在坚持运动、合理饮食结构和控制饮食量、稳定情绪、自我监测血压及定期复诊等方面。应该加强高血压病人的护理干预,帮助其提高自我效能。

Objective To study the self-efficiency of hypertensives by investigation over hypertensives so as to provide basis for pertinent nursing intervention. Methods A self-designed questionnaire of Self-efficiency Assessment Scale for Hypertensives were used to investigate 163 hypertensives from 2 class Ⅲ first grade hospitals. Based on the results, the three factors of ＂diet, blood pressure monitoring and regular re-examination＂ involving lowest self-efficiency were further studied. Results Among investigated 163 hypertensives, nearly or more than half of them were scored less than 2 in six items： persistent physical exercise （56.4%, 2.20±1.25）, reasonable diet （52.1%, 2.34±1.38）, dieting （49.7%, 2.71±1.10）, emotion containing （70.6%, 2.02±1.15）, blood pressure monitoring （69.3%, 1.41±1.53）, regular re-examination （79.7%, 1.33±1.44）. In investigation of influential factor of self-efficiency, 52.1% of them were unconfident about diet formations, chiefly due to ＂unknown about the specific foods＂ and ＂unknown about how to make the arranges＂; 69.3% unconfident about monitoring blood pressure, chiefly due to ＂unknown about how to monitor blood pressure＂; 79.8% unconfident about regular reexamination, chiefly due to ＂nothing uncomfortable＂, which made them forget regular examination （taking up 43.9% among those unconfident about regular reexamination）. Conclusion The level of self-efficiency of hypertensives remain lower, especially in persistent physical exercises, reasonable dieting formations, containing of diet, stabilization of emotions, self-monitoring of blood pressure. The hypertensives needs nursing intervention so that they improve their self-efficiency.