农作物秸秆产沼气研究进展与展望

Research progress and prospect on producing biogas from crop straws

用秸秆发酵产沼气是获取生物质能源的一种有效和潜在途径,但是相应的工程实践一度遭受挫折,这源由发酵技术问题。近年来秸秆产沼气在以下方面:通过营养调节和质地改善等预处理改善原料发酵特性、在反应器中增加格栅防止漂浮结壳、时差进料调节产气平衡、变换反应器接种物和接种浓度加速反应启动以及改进发酵工艺调控反应条件等,进行了许多探索,获得了有益成果,也为进一步发展指明了方向。找到合适预处理方法、改进反应器结构、开发高效商品接种物、保持沼气池温度相对恒定,以及把产酸和产气彻底分离是农作物秸秆产沼气未来努力的重点方向。

Producing biogas from crop straws is an effective and potential route to obtain bio-energy. But it once suffered the setback because fermentation technology has some defects. In recent years, much beneficial achievement has been obtained in some exploration, including： pretreating crop straws for improving the fermentation characteristics through nutrition regulation and texture improvement, adding gridiron in the reactor to prevent float and scum shell of crop straws, alternately feeding between the two reactors for equation of biogas production, altering the inoculation and its concentration for accelerating reaction startup,amelloratlng fermentation process for enhancing efficiency, etc, which also points out the direction for further research. The technology in the inoculation of reactor is dependable at present. Finding the appropriate pretreatment method, improving the structure of the reactor, exploiting vigorous trade inoculation, keeping the temperature of biogas digester invariableness and totally separating the hydrolysis and the methanogenesis are the key directions for the future production of biogas from crop straws.