文化利用与“国民意识”的文化重构——对周作人的古希腊文学研究的再探讨

Cultural Utility and a Cultural Reconstruction of "National Consciousness"——A Second Exploration of Zhou Zuoren's Study on Ancient Greek Literature

周作人的古希腊文学研究不是一种静观的学术工作,而是他对中国现代思想进行反思批判的成果。他对希腊文学尤其是对其中神话和拟曲的译介实质上是对现代中国的国民意识建构的灵活参与,以阐释希腊为文化策略,周作人一方面从国族社会的压抑中解放出“人”的自然天性,另一方面希求激活中国民间传统的伦理性,使之成为现代民族主义的文化资源和表意工具。这一传统通过他的想象加以转化和重构,超越了狭隘的地方性范畴,具有了“世界主义”的合法地位。

Zhou Zuoren＇s research on ancient Greek literature was a result of his reflections and criticisms of modem Chinese thoughts. He chose mimes and myths as his study object. The choice itself represented his idea： human nature could be liberated from the repression of a nation - society system by a way of independent participation in national constructions. Furthermore, using Greece as a cultural strategy, Zhou Zuoren reinterpreted and reformed traditional historical culture, transforming it into an available cultural resource and an ideological tool of modem nationalism. Through his imaginational transformation, the tradition possessed a legal position of ＂cosmopolitanism＂, surmounting its original narrow local category.