广西疟疾媒介的地理分布、生态习性和传疟作用研究

Investigation on geographical distribution,ecological feature and malaria transmission of Anopheles in Guangxi

目的研究广西壮族自治区疟疾传播媒介的地理分布、生态习性和传疟作用。方法采用普查和定点调查结合的方法对广西疟疾流行区的传疟媒介进行研究,同时收集相关的历史资料进行回顾性分析。结果广西有78个县(市)发现微小按蚊,15个县发现嗜人按蚊,中华按蚊是全区广泛分布的蚊种;人血指数:微小按蚊在0.0458～0.1390之间,嗜人按蚊在0.2912～0.6330之间。子孢子自然感染率:微小按蚊为0.08%～8.11%,嗜人按蚊为0.25%～1.85%,中华按蚊为0.005%～0.32%,日月潭按蚊为0.06%～3.22%。结论广西传疟媒介有4种,微小按蚊、嗜人按蚊分别是山区和低山丘陵区疟疾的主要媒介,中华按蚊是平原区的媒介,日月潭按蚊是山区疟疾的次要媒介。

Objective To investigate the distribution, ecological feature and malaria transmission of Anopheles in Guangxi province. Methods Combining both of spot check and important site overall survey in Guangxi province, the data of vector survey in history were collected, described and analyzed. Results Anopheles minimus and Anopheles anthropophagus were found in 78 counties and 15 counties, respectively. They fed mainly on human and sometimes on cattle. The human blood index of An. minimus and An. anthropophagus were 0.0458-0.1390 and 0.2912-0.6330, respectively. An. sinensis distributed widely in ail parts of Guangxi. It fed mainly on cattle and sometimes on human. The sporozoite rates of An. minimus, An. anthropophagus, An. sinensis and An. candidiensis were 0.08 % - 8.11%, 0.25 % - 1.85 %, 0. 005 %- 0.32% and 0.06%-3.22%, respectively. Conclusion Above 4 species of Anopheles were vector of malaria in Guangxi. An. minimus and An. anthropophagus were the chief vectors of malaria in mountainous and hilly areas respectively. An. sinensis and An. candidiensis were secondary vectors in malaria epidemic regions.