中国鼠疫自然疫源地宿主动物名称与分类地位

Plague reservoirs and their classification in natural foci of China

目的对中国鼠疫自然疫源地宿主动物名称与分类地位进行整理。方法根据已经发表的资料,对我国鼠疫自然疫源地自然染疫动物进行统计。同时,根据目前的分类原则,对每种动物的学名进行校正。结果对文献中出现的鼠疫宿主名称进行了校正,并对部分动物排除在宿主之外。给予新的学名的物种包括草原旱獭、淡尾黄鼠、阿拉善黄鼠、坦氏鼹形田鼠、湖沼田鼠、坎氏毛足鼠、银色山、蒙古高山、蒙古兔尾鼠、布氏田鼠、青海田鼠、大仓鼠和草兔。排除了小林姬鼠作为鼠疫宿主的可能。文献中出现的树应该是北树。在鼬科动物中,以前文献记载我国只有1种狗獾,而实质上中国分布2种,即亚洲狗獾和欧洲狗獾。结论我国目前有染疫动物88种,其中兽类中啮齿目53种,兔形目5种,鼱目4种,树目1种,食肉目13种,偶蹄目9种,鸟类3种,涉及2纲8目19科。

Objective To coordinate names and classification status of plague hosts in natual loci of China. Methods We collect the data about the plague reservoirs in natural loci of China, including the scientific names and Chinese names. We revise the scientific names which had been used illegimately according to the recent classification, and provided some more Chinese names which usually used in the discussion. Results We revised some names of plague hosts appeared in references, and removed some animal from the plague hosts. New scientific names were given to Mongolian marmot （ Marmota sibirica ）, Red-cheeked ground squirrel （ Spermophilus pallidicauda ）, Alashan ground squirrel （ S. alashanicus ）, Northern Mole-vole （ Ellobius tancrei ）, Lacustrine vole （Microtus limnophilus ）, Campbell＇s Desert Hamster （ Phodopus campbelli ）, Silver mountain vole （Alticola argentatus ）, Mongolian mountain vole （ A. semicanus ）, Przewalski＇ s steppe lemming （ Eolagurus przewalskii） , Brandt＇ s vole （ Lasiopodomys brandtii ）, Plateau vole （ L. fuseus ）, Greater long-tailed hamster （ Tscherskia triton ）, ands Tolai hare （Lepus tolai）. Herb field mouse （Apodemus uralensis） was removed from plague hosts. Tree shrew （ Tupaia glis ） in some references should be Northern tree shrew （ T. belangeri ）. There was only one species of Genus Meles in China according to previous references. However, there should be two species, i.e. Asian badger （M. leucurus） and Eurapean badger （ M. meles ）. Both of them were plague hosts. Conclusion There are 88 animal species as plague reservoirs in China, in which 53 species in Rodentia, 5 in Lagomorpha, 4 in Soricomorpha, 1 in Scandentia, 13 in Carnivora, and 9 in Artiodactyla for Mammalia, and 3 species in Ayes. The species are classified in 2 class, 8 orders, and 19 families.