宽垄沟灌覆膜条件下土壤水分运移初探

Preliminary Research on Soil-water Movement Characteristics under the condition of Film-mulched Wide Ridge and Furrow Irrigation

宽垄沟灌作为一种大田作物栽培灌水方式已逐步受到关注。为研究灌水前后水分在垄沟间的运移及再分布,本试验在大棚内模拟宽垄沟灌垄上覆膜栽培条件以及灌水方案,采用中子仪进行水分观测。试验数据显示,在本试验条件下,垄背剖面的两个观测点表层,灌水前其含水量仅为田间持水量的65%和66%,灌水后垄沟水分的侧向入渗,144 h(6 d)分别达到田间持水量的73%和80%,408 h(17 d)达到田间持水量的78%和79%。试验结果表明,在宽垄沟灌覆膜条件下,水平向及垄背垂直向含水量梯度的存在导致水分侧向及向垄背的补给明显,且在覆膜条件下,垄背蒸散发损失少,起到减少土壤水分无效损耗、高效利用之效果。

As a cultivation and irrigation method for field crops, wide ridge and furrow irrigation have already been paid attention gradually. In order to observe the water redistribution between ridge and furrow before and after irrigation, this experiment simulated the condition and irrigation schedule of film-mulched wide ridge and furrow irrigation and used neutron probes to observe water content. The data showed that water content of the surface layer of two observation point in ridge section was 65%0 and 66%0 of field capacity before irrigation, respectively, while increase to 73% and 80%0 after 144 hours （6 d） and to 78% and 79% after 408 hours（17 d） because of the furrow water＇s lateral infiltration after irrigation. The results showed that, under the condition of this experiment, the water content gradient in lateral and ridges vertical resulted in obvious lateral infiltration and water supply to ridge Moreover, under the condition of film-mulched, there was much less evapotranspiration in ridge, which had the effect of reducing the soil water＇s useless wastage and increasing its effective utilization.