带壳物料脱壳方法及脱壳装备现状与分析

Actuality of the Decladding Method and Sheller of Shell Fruit

壳体农作物果实机械化脱壳去皮生产采用的方法分为机械式脱壳法与非机械式脱壳法。常采用的碾搓(撕搓)法、挤压法和撞击法等称为机械式脱壳法;而非机械式脱壳法包括能量法、真空法和微波爆壳法等。在综述壳体物料脱壳机理和脱壳方法的基础上,对采用相同脱壳原理的加工设备进行归纳与分析,不同的脱壳机理针对不同加工对象的适应性和加工特性,为脱壳加工装备改进及优化设计提供参考。

The decladding method of shell fruit is consisted of mechanical decladding and non-mechanical decladding. The former method often includes grinding and rubbing （tearing and rubbing）, extrusion and impacting, while the shelling methods of energy, vacuum and microwave belong to the latter. In this paper, the shellers with similar decladding principles are summed up and analyzed, based on comparing different decladding principles and methods. In addition, it provides further information about decladding principle for the adaptability and processing properties of varied shell fruits. Thus, it must be useful to improve and optimize the design of shellers.