宋代科技政策的计量研究——以《宋史》本纪中记载科技内容为计量对象

Scientometrics of the science and technology policy in Song Dynasty

借助科学计量学方法,以《宋史》本纪中记载的科学技术内容为计量对象,对其进行句频分析,显示出宋代统治层对科技的关注度,可作为当时科技政策的计量指标。研究表明,宋代帝王们对天文、大气、水利、农业等最关注,一些实用性技术也有足够的关注,而基础学科相对不受重视。文章给出了各学科受关注程度随时间变化的情况,并对其社会政治背景进行了初步的分析。总体看来,北宋初期和南宋中期的科技普遍得到重视,而两宋交替之际和南宋灭亡时期则无力顾及。比较发现,科技政策曲线和科技成果曲线具有很强的相似性,并且成果曲线滞后于政策曲线约75年。

Based on the contents of science and technology knowledge written in Benji of Song Shi, such scientometrics analysis like sentence frequency can show the degrees of attentions by the emperors of Song Dynasty, which can be used as the index of the science and technology policy in that time. The study showed that the emperors paid most attentions to such disciplines like astronomy, meteorology, hydraulic engineering, agricultural technology, as well as some applied technology, while a little on the basic sciences. The paper obtained the chronological change of the attentions of different disciplines, and primarily discussed social and political background of the events. Generally speaking, science and technology was paid more attention in the beginning of North Song Period and the middle of South Song Period, while was little paid at the end of both periods. By comparing the achievement curve and policy curve of science and technology of Song Dynasty, it was found that they have the similar trends, and the achievement curve is about 75 years later than the policy curve.