专利价值评价指标概述及层次分析

Patent value indicators and their structure

与成本法、收益法和市场价值法等相比,专利价值指标的评价方法由于其可以对专利本身进行深入的定量研究,客观且具有国际可比性,而获得了广泛的重视和应用,但存在的不足是对这些指标的整体性和相互联系研究不够。为此,提出专利指标的层次结构,指出现有研究中不同层次指标并列使用、对某些指标作用的重复计算,导致对因果关系解释的不准确的问题。评价指标的层次划分使我们对评价指标的因果和相关关系了解更准确,在专利评价中避免上述不足,使专利评价更准确、更切合实际。

Patent valuation with different indicators has been applied widely. In this paper, based on the summary and analysis of previous research in this area,we illustrate a structure of these indicators, in this structure the indicators are grouped in two level. First level includes Technology cycle time（TCT） , number of backward citations, Science Linkage , Technology Scope, number of Claims. Second level includes forward citations, family size, patent renewal, opposition and litigation. With analysis of the correlation between the indicators from different level we ascertain the parallel use of correlated indicators and thereby the repeatedly calculation of the effect of some indicators. With this structure we want to avoid this gap for a more precise patent valuation. In the end, we forecast the development and application in China.