基于激光扫描数据的三维可视化建模

3D Visualization Modelling Based on Laser Scanning Data

利用地面三维激光扫描仪获取的空间数据,进行了三维空间地物可视化建模研究,提出了利用地面固定激光扫描数据建立建筑物三维可视化模型的框架。针对激光扫描数据的特点进行了地物分离和降噪处理,提取目标建筑物,去除测量噪声和遮挡物;应用平面分割和Hough变换对目标物识别并提取特征点、线、面,进行目标建筑物立面整体匹配纠正,在此基础上,对原始测量数据进行重新采样和多站点拼接配准,得到正确的、完整的目标建筑物立面信息;通过构建三角网建立三维表面模型,通过进行纹理映射实现三维模型可视化表达。试验结果表明,利用上述方法可以有效地处理三维激光扫描获取的空间点位数据,实现对建筑物快速三维可视化建模。

Using the spatial data captured via ground-based 3D （three-dimensional） laser scanner, a 3D visualization modelling study on spatial object was carried out, and the framework of establishing 3D visualization building model using terra laser scanning data was brought forward as well. Separation of ground objects from laser scanning data and denoising were done to extract the target building and to remove the measurement noises and occlusions from the building data acquired before according to the characteristics of laser scanning data. The whole matching correction to the facets of target building was implemented after the target object was recognized and the features of point, line and polygon were extracted by using planar segmentation and Hough transformation. The original measurement data were re-sampled and the multi stations were in register to get the exact and full facet information of the target building. The triangular meshes were built to generate a three-dimensional surface model and the model was visualized through texture mapping. The experiment result shows that the spatial location of points collected by 3D laser scanning can be effectively dealt with and visualization modelling on buildings can be achieved via the technique mentioned above.