经济学研究的若干思考

Thoughts on the Study of Economics

经济学追求科学性,这种研究立场需要深思。首先,经济学的科学性需要具有若干标准:(1)具有自己研究的独特规律;(2)所应用的方法超出本领域,并被其他领域所接受;(3)具有独特的加工和提炼常识的工具。经济学在这三个标准上还是存在问题。其次,经济学的研究对象——矛盾的类型与解决方式——并不是一以贯之的,这最明显表现在“经济人”内涵上。对资源、理性和欲望的关注点不同,则“经济人”的内涵也就不同,这使得经济学的研究经历了不同的流派沿革,例如古典学派、边际学派、新古典学派等。最后,尽管经济学研究流派纷呈、研究对象有别,但还是能够通过采用一个框架将经济学研究统一起来,这个框架被称为欲望迂回满足方式,它基于对人的行为的研究之上。

At present, the pursuit of scientificity has become the mainstream of economic studies, but such a pursuit needs to be considered carefully. First, standards must be set before it can be called scientific： （ 1 ） unique rules ; （2） methods not confined to its own field ; （3） unique instruments to process and draw out common sense in the field. Economics is not scientific enough in accordance with the three standards. Second, the studying objects of economics-conflicts designation and solutions have not been consistent, the most remarkable of which can be seen from its definition of homo econ that varies with the changing focus on resources, rationalism and desire. The various definitions of homo econ have given rise to different schools of economics, such as the Classical, the Marginal, and the Neoclassical. Last, despite the different schools and studying objects, economic studies can be brought into a unified structure, the roundabout-satisfying-desire method based on the study of the human behaviors.