经瞳孔睫状体光凝的兔低眼压模型的建立

Development of the Hypotony Model in Rabbits Established by Transpupillary Cyclophotocoagulation

目的了解睫状体光凝造成低眼压后,视网膜和视神经的病理改变。方法用房角镜经瞳孔睫状体光凝,制作低眼压兔模型,在2周、1个月、2个月后摘除眼球,在光镜和电镜下观察睫状体、视网膜和视神经的形态。结果光镜下视网膜和视神经结构基本正常。电镜下2周后视网膜光感受器外节和内节断裂,外节盘膜破裂形成囊泡,神经节细胞内和视神经轴突内有大量空泡,髓鞘板层间隙扩大。1个月和2个月病变基本同2周后,但程度减轻。结论用房角镜经瞳孔睫状体光凝能有效建立低眼压兔模型,操作简便,降压效果确切。该模型是进行低眼压研究适合的动物模型。低眼压对兔眼的视网膜和视神经有病理损害,最早发生于视网膜光感受器、神经节细胞和视神经轴突。当时间短于2个月时为可逆改变。

Purpose To study pathological changes in retina and optic nerve after hypotony made by transpupillary cyclophotocoagulation. Methods The hypotony model was established by transpupillary cyclophotocoagulation using gonioscopy. The eyes were enucleared 2 weeks, 1 and 2 months after the coaqulation respectively. The pathological changes in retina and optic nerve were observed by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Results The structures of the retina and optic nerve were normal with light microscopy. TEM revealed fragmentation of the photoreceptor between the outer and inner segment, broken membery disc and intracellular vesicles 2 weeks after coagulation. There were many vesicles in retinal ganglion cells （RGCs） and optic nerve axons. The lamellar pattern of the sheath was also loose at that time. Two months after treating, similar but alleviated changes were found.Conclusion Transpupillary cyclophotocoagulation using gonioscopy is effective to establish the hypotny model and the procedure is relatively easy. It is an ideal model for studying hypotony. Hypotony leads to pathological injuries to retina and optic nerve in rabbits and these injuries happen originally in photoreceptor, RGCs and optic nerve axons. The changes are reversible within two months.