茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)对小麦开颖的诱导效应

Effect of Methyl Jasmonate on the Induction of Spikelets Opening in Wheat

为了探讨MeJA对小麦开颖特性的诱导效应,以T冀5418 A和冀5418 B为试材,采用0.3、3.0、6.0 mmol/L MeJA和蒸馏水(CK)对其活体穗和离体穗进行浸穗处理3 min。结果表明,MeJA具有诱导开颖数增加的效应,3.0 mmol/L诱导活体穗开颖数指数比CK高1.5和5.2,比6.0 mmol/L诱导的高1.0和3.5;6.0 mmol/L诱导离体穗开颖数指数比CK高5.8和4.8,比3.0 mmol/L高1.5和5.5;0.3 mmol/L处理结果不及CK。MeJA处理穗的开颖度大,开颖时间长。6.0 mmol/L诱导开颖度比CK高1.0-1.5 mm,开颖时间比CK长42-70 min,差异均达显著或极显著水平;其它浓度处理与CK相比无显著差异。MeJA诱导保持系开颖特性优于其不育系,并且3.0 mmol/L MeJA诱导保持系花药外露,处理后4 h花药外露率比CK高7.7%,差异显著。因此,MeJA具有诱导小麦颖壳开张和调节小麦花期的效应,是杂交小麦制种的有效调节剂。

Probing into the integrated effects of MeJA on the induction of opening spikelets the intact and excised panicles of two wheat cultivars（TJI 5418 A and JI 5418 B ） were im in wheat, merse 0.3, 3.0, 6.0 mmol/L Methyl Jasmonate （ MeJA ） and pure water as control solution（CK） for 3 minutes, the effects of MeJA in different concentrations on the induction of the ratio of outer anthers, the opening number, degree and time of spikelets were analyzed. The results indicated that： （1）The opening number index of spikelets of intact panicles in wheat cv. TJI 5418 A and JI 5418 B with while treated with 3.0 mmol/L MeJA, they were 1.5 and 5.2 higher than CK, respectively. They were 1. 0 and 3.5 higher while treated with 6.0 mmol/L. The opening number index of spikelets were 5.8 and 4. 8 higher than CK and 1.5, and 5.5 higher than 3.0 mmol/L while the spikelets of excised panicles were treated with 6.0 mmol/L MeJA. （2） That 6.0 mmol/LMeJA induced the opening degree of 1.0-1.5 mm and time of spikelets of 43-70 min in the two wheat cultivars, were significantly more that of than control. Other treatments shows no advantages to control solution. （3）It was easier to be induced in JI 5418 B than in TJI 5418 A. 3. 0 mmol/LMeJA induced outer anthers with the rate of T. 7.7% tras significantly more than CK in 4 h after being treated, which indicated MeJA can regulate the florescence. To sum up, obvious effects were observed on the induction of the spikelet-opening charac- teristic in wheat by MeJA. 6.0 mmol/L MeJA is suitable for inducing the opening degree and time of spikelets and 3.0 mmol/L is suitable for the opening number. MeJA can induce the outer anthers, which can be used to solve the asynchronous problem of florescence.