小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基基因分子育种研究进展

Advance on Improvement of Wheat High-molecular-weight Glutenin Subunits via Molecular Breeding

为给小麦品质改良工作者提供通过分子生物技术优化HMW-GS组成方面的全面信息,综述了HMW-GS的基因克隆、分子标记以及基因工程改良三个方面近年来的国内外研究进展。迄今为止,被克隆和测序的HMW-GS基因已有20多个,即1Ax1、1Ax2*、1Ax2*B、1Ay1、1Bx7、1Bx9、1Bx17、1Dx2、1Dx5、1Bx20、1By8、1By9、1Dy10、1Dy12、1AxNull、1Bx14、1Bx23、1Dx2.2、1Dx2.1、1Dy10.1、1Dy12t等,还不断有新的基因被发现和克隆。克隆方法可概括为两种:一种是以HMW-GS克隆作为探针筛选cDNA或基因组DNA文库,从而获得所需的靶基因序列,然后再选择合适的载体进行克隆测序;另一种则是采用PCR技术。HMW-GS基因的分子标记方法主要有RFLP法、PCR法和SNP(单核苷酸多态性)法。目前已有研究者通过基因工程方法将部分外源HMW-GS基因导入小麦,有效地改善了受体品种的加工品质。

High-molecular-weight glutenin subunits （HMW-GS）, as major storage proteins in wheat endosperm, play an important role in determining end use quality of wheat. Therefore, improving the composition and content of HMW-glutenin is the main task for ：wheat quality breeding. In order to provide information for wheat quality improvement based on biotechnology to wheat breeders, the re- search progresses on molecular breeding of HMW-GS gene were reviewed in the aspects of gene cloning, marker assisted selection （MAS） and genetic engineering. At present, the cloned and sequenced HMW-GS genes were more than 20, including 1Axl, lAx2^＊ , lAx2^＊B, 1Ay1, 1Bx7, 1Bxg, 1Bxl7, 1Dx2, 1DxS, 1Bx20, 1By8,1Byg,lDyl0,1Dy12,1AxNull,lBx14,1Bx23,1Dx2.2,1Dx2. 1,1Dy10.1, 1Dy12^t, etc. Furthermore, the new HMW-GS genes have been found and cloned continually. There are two ways to clone the HMW-GS gene, one is to select the cDNA or gDNA library by using the HMW-GS clones as the probes to obtain the target genes, and then cloning the gene into vector for sequencing, another one is to use PCR technology. The main methods for MAS of HMW-GS gene include RFLP, PCR and SNP. Particle bombardment and Agrobacterium-mediated method had been used to transform the allien HMW-GS genes into wheat, pollen tube pathway has been reported in China.