2005年青岛市肾综合征出血热监测分析

Surveillance on hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Qingdao City in 2005

目的掌握2005年青岛市肾综合征出血热的流行特点,指导今后的防治工作。方法对2005年青岛市HFRS监测资料进行分析。结果全市发病率为2.80/10万,病死率为2.82%。季节发病呈双峰型,发病以秋冬季高峰为主,两高峰发病占病例总数的91.08%。郊区5市占病例总数的96.24%。其中,胶南发病率最高,为7.63/10万。发病年龄为10～85岁,20～60岁占88.73%,农民占79.81%,男女性别比为2.67∶1。宿主动物密度为1.00%。采用直接荧光抗体方法检测小家鼠和臭鼩鼱带病毒抗原,阳性率为1.41%。居民区主要鼠种为小家鼠和褐家鼠,分别占50.53%和41.05%;野外优势种为黑线姬鼠,占36.17%。居民区和野外鼠类带病毒率分别为0和4.26%。结论2005年青岛市HFRS发病率和病死率明显下降,但部分地区发病率较高,应重点防治。

Objective The present study was conducted to investigate the epidemic characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome （HFRS） and direct the future prevention and control. Methods Surveillance data of HFRS in Qingdao City in 2005 were analyzed. Results The morbidity of HFRS was 2.80/lakh and the fatality rate was 2.82% in Qingdao City. The seasonal distribution of HFRS appeared two peaks, mainly focused in autumn and winter. The number of the cases with HFRS during the two seasonal peaks accounted for 91.08% of all the cases with HFRS. 96.24% of cases were reported from the five counties. Morbidity in Jiaonan was 7.63/lakh, the highest. The onset ages ranged from 10 to 85 years old, and 88.73% of the cases were at the age of 20 to 60 years old. Peasants accounted for 79.81%. The ratio of male to female was 2.67：1. Rodent capture rate was 1.00%. Mus musculus and Suncus murinus were found to carry antigen with direct immunofluorescent antibody assay, and the positive rate was 1.41%. In residential areas, Mus musculus （50.53%） and Rattus norvegicus （41.05%） were the main species of mice. Apodemus agrarius was the wild dominant species （36.17%）. The virus-carried rate of mice in residential areas and fields was 0 and 4.26%, respectively. Conclusion The morbidity and mortality rate of HFRS significantly declined in Qingdao City in 2005, but the morbidity was comparative high in some areas where more attention should be paid to the prevention and control of the disease.