中国天然林保护与可持续经营问题与对策

Problems and suggestions on conservation and sustainable management of the natural forest in China

天然林是森林资源的主体,在我国森林资源建设、生态环境保护和林产品生产中发挥着十分重要的作用,是实现社会和经济可持续发展的重要物质基础。天然林在改善群落结构、抵抗病虫害、提高林分生产力、促进养分循环与维持地力以及保护生物多样性等方面均明显优于人工林。因此,天然林保护与可持续经营不仅是林业可持续发展的关键,也是国家生态安全的重要保障。但是,目前我国在天然林保护与可持续经营中尚未有效解决天然林保护的尺度、可持续经营的标准与技术规范以及如何建立生态效益补偿机制等问题。本文通过阐述我国天然林保护的概况以及存在的问题,分析了天然林保护与森林可持续经营之间的内在联系,并对今后天然林可持续经营研究提出了几点展望,旨在为我国天然林保护与可持续经营提供参考。

As the main part of forest resources, natural forest plays a very important role in forest resources construction, ecological environment conservation and forest products, which is essential to sustainable development of society and economy. Compared with artificial plant, natural forest has obvious ecological advantages in aspects of improving the community structure, resisting diseases and pests, enhancing stand productivity, encouraging nutrient cycle, maintaining soil fertility and protecting biodiversity. Therefore, the conservation and sustainable management of natural forests is not only the keystone of sustainable development in forest, but also is crucial to national security. However, problems remain to be well solved such as the scale of conversation, the standard and technical specification of sustainable management, the compensation mechanism of ecological benefit, and so on. Based on conservation and existing problems of natural forest, the relationship between natural forest conservation and sustainable forest management was analyzed in detail in this paper, in which some key points of sustainable management in natural forest were put forward to provide theoretical basis for the conservation and sustainable management of natural forest in China.