现代化语境中的权力重构——凯末尔政权的世俗化改革

Power Reconstruction in Modern Linguistic Context:The Secularized Reform of Kemal Regime

1923年土耳其共和国的建立,结束了奥斯曼帝国的传统统治,从形式上完成了政权的转移。然而与伊斯兰教有深刻历史联系的奥斯曼帝国传统势力并没有完全丧失经济基础,它在国家政权结构和社会生活中的影响力犹存,因而凯末尔政权的统治根基并不稳固。凯末尔政权的世俗化改革表面上是要实现主权在民的政治理想,而其实质在于排斥传统势力的政治参与。凯末尔政权世俗化改革的主观目的在于重新整合国家与社会权力,进而牢固掌握政权,其客观后果则是实现了奥斯曼土耳其由封建帝国向现代民族国家的转变,为土耳其走向现代化奠定了坚实的基础。

The foundation of the Turkish Republic in 1923 ended the traditional governance of Osman Empire and formally completed the transformation of political power. However, the established forces of the Osman Empire which was historically connected with Islam had not lost all their economic position and still had their influence in the nation’s regime structure and social life, which indicated that the basis of the Kemal regime was not stable. Professedly, the secularized reform of Kemal regime was to realize the political ideal of ‘the sovereignty of people’, but it was actually to reject the political participation of the traditional forces. The purpose of the secularized reform is to re-conform the powers of the nation and society so as to hold the power, the consequence of which is that the Osman Turkey completed its conversion from the feudalist empire to the modern nation, which laid a sound foundation for Turkey’s going to modernization.