乌鲁木齐地区温室花卉害虫调查及无污染防治试验

Survey on Greenhouse Flower Pests and Unpollution Control in Urumqi City

本研究对乌鲁木齐地区温室春季发生的花卉害虫种类及其发生程度进行了调查,调查发现温室花卉春季发生的主要有害生物有15种,其中蚧类害虫8种,占53.33%,为温室花卉害虫的优势类群。此外,对部分危害较严重的朱砂叶螨、蔷薇长管蚜、温室白粉虱、椰圆盾蚧、康氏绵粉蚧、咖啡黑盔蚧等用牛尿合剂、风油精、醋盐合剂、烧碱合剂进行防治试验。试验结果表明,牛尿合剂、风油精对朱砂叶螨、蔷薇长管蚜等害虫均有好的防治效果。其中牛尿合剂1∶3,1∶5稀释液对朱砂叶螨、蔷薇长管蚜的防效第6天和第8天达到了98%以上。风油精1∶600稀释液对蔷薇长管蚜和温室白粉虱的防效均达到了100%。从醋盐合剂、烧碱溶液对3种蚧类的防治试验结果来看,烧碱溶液对康氏绵粉蚧和咖啡黑盔蚧的防效较好,分别为96.41%,87.76%。醋盐合剂对康氏绵粉蚧的防效次之,其防效为78.51%,这2种药剂对椰圆盾蚧几乎无效。

The category and occurrence of greenhouse spring flower pests in Urumqi City were surveyed in this research. Among the 15 major identified pests, 8 species belonged to scales （accounting for 53.33% of the total）, which caused severe damages of Greenhouse Flowers and became the dominant species. Besides, cattle urine mixture, essential oil, vinegar-salt compound and sodium hydroxide were tested to control some of the severe damage-causing insects such as Tetranychus cinnabarinus （Boisduval）, Macrosiphurn rosae （ Linnaeus）, Trialeurodes vaporariorurn Westwcod, Aspidiotus destrutor Signoret, Pseudococcus cornstocki Kuwana and Saissetia coffeae Walker. The results showed that cattle urine mixture and essential oil had good control effects on T. cinnabarinus and M. rosae. The control effects of 1 ： 3,1 ： 5 cattle urine mixture diluents on T. cinnabarinus and M. rosae were more than 98% on the sixth and eighth day after spraying, while the control effects of 1 ： 600 essential oil diluents on M. rosae and T. vaporariorurn were 100%. Vinegar-salt compound and sodium hydroxide were also tested to control 3 species of scales and the outcome indicated that sodium hydroxide had a better control effect on P. cornstocki and S. coffeae （96.41% and 87.76%, respectively） than vinegar-salt （78.51%）, whereas both were almost ineffective to control A. destrutor.