四川省农户贮粮设施及损害研究

A SURVEY OF STORAGE FACILITIES AND GRAIN LOSSES OF PEASANT HOUSEHOLDS IN SICHUAN PROVINCE

】对四川不同生态区２０个县３１２个农户贮粮情况的调查表明，农户储粮已占粮食产量的７０％以上，但储粮１年后，因害虫造成的损失，小麦为１２．８％，大麦９．４％，水稻２．６％，玉米１０．５％，绿豆１８．８％，豌豆１１．２％，蚕豆９．１％。加上鼠害及霉变，全年农户贮粮损失一般在１０％～３０％，麦类、玉米损失最大。砖仓较安全，是目前农户储粮的最佳设备。并提出了四川农户贮粮的特点。

A survey of 312 peasant households of 20 counties in Sichuan province shows that the farmers put into storage over 70% of their grain output and the losses of the stored grain caused by harmful organisms (insects, mites, microbes, rodents and molds) amount to 10%～30%. After one years storage without any pesticide application, the grain weight loss rate for wheat, barley, paddy, maize, mungbean, pea and broad bean was 12.8, 9.4, 2.6, 10.5, 18.8, 11.2 and 9.11%, respectively. Wheat and maize have the highest weight and economic losses. Brick boxes are considered to be the most desirable storage facility at the present time for their great capacity and for the safety of the grain stored. Based on the survey, the paper discusses the peculiarities of grain storage by the peasant households and the problems they are facing, and offers the solutions to their problems.