河流泥沙研究进展

Advances in river sediment research

泥沙研究主要是认识水流中的泥沙运动规律、河床演变规律,进而解决水利工程中的泥沙问题。泥沙学科体系始建于20世纪,侧重河流泥沙研究。河流泥沙运动力学基本理论包括:泥沙的沉降特性、泥沙的起动特性、悬移质运动规律、推移质运动规律、水流挟沙力、非平衡输沙、泥沙运动统计理论、异重流运动理论、波流作用下的泥沙运动理论等。在长期的治河实践中,我国的泥沙科学发展迅速,主要进展包括:泥沙运动力学基本理论,高含沙水流的运动机理与理论,河流模拟的理论与技术,水库泥沙的对策与管理,河道演变规律的认识及治河工程技术等。本文对河流泥沙研究的主要进展进行简要综述。

To resolve the sediment problems in the hydraulic engineering, sediment research concems on realizing the rule of sediment movement and fluvial processes. Sediment discipline system was built up in 20 century. In the long history of river regulation practice, sediment science has been developed rapidly in China. The primary accomplishments include： the fundamental theory of sediment movement mechanics, the movement mechanism and theory of hyperconcentrated flow, the theory and technique of fiver simulating, the countermeasure and management of reservoir sediment problem, the law of fiver channel evolution, the fiver regulation techniques and so on.