美国“新城市主义”与“精明增长”发展观解读

Understandings on Development View of New Urbanism and Smart Growth of the USA

本文分析了美国新城市主义和精明增长理念产生的背景、实现途径和组织机构。本文认为,美国新城市主义与精明增长思想虽发展于相同的年代、针对共同的问题,也经常被等同运用,但是在深层次上,二者存在很多不同,并且具有一定的互补性。本文还指出,在实践领域中,面对过去60多年的习惯性发展模式,美国新城市主义和精明增长发展观遇到了诸如与原有法律和政策冲突、居民不信任与反对、机构改革庞大而缓慢、自身缺陷等几个方面的问题。本文在解读美国新城市主义与精明增长发展观的同时,结合中国国情思考其对我国城市发展建设的启示,提出了更新城市规划理念,强化城市规划中的人文关怀、生活质量、地方特色、城市文化、政府职能、市场平台等非物质要素的建议。

This paper analyzes the background, realization and organizational institutions of New Urbanism and Smart Growth and points out that difference exists between the two movements, which are originated from the same time and aimed to solve the common problem of urban sprawl, although they are overlapped in many ways. In practice, New Urbanism and Smart Growth encounter the problems including inconformity with the original land use policies, distrust from the residents, slow and enormous institutional reformation and the defects per se. Combining the development view of New Urbanism and Smart Growth with the status of urban construction in China, this paper puts forward that the concept of urban planning would be improved in absorbing the elements like human solicitude, life quality, local identity, urban culture, balance between government role and market.