中国农村改革的两大主题及其难点透视

Viewing the Two Themes of Rural Reform and its Difficulties

中国近三十年来的农村改革两大主题是通过农村经济体制的改革,再造市场经济的微观基础,使亿万农户成为独立的市场主体;通过农村政治体制的改革,再造基层社会的民主权威,使亿万农民群众当家作主。但由于受到我国城乡二元结构和体制机制的制约,农村生产要素市场缺乏应有的发展,一再拖延了市场经济体制的创建,乡村社会也出现了“治理危机”。下一步,应坚持“整体推进”和“重点突破”相结合的思路,重点推进农地产权制度、民间融资机制、农业科技推广体制和以乡镇机构、农村义务教育体制、县乡财政管理体制为核心的综合改革,为建设社会主义新农村提供体制保障、财力支持和动力源泉,不断增强农村发展的内部活力,不断扩大基层民主政治建设。

China＇s rural reform aims at giving a new lease of life to the micro foundation of rural market economy and authority of democracy in grass - roots units, and setting up the rural economic system and social management system which adapt to economic development of socialist market. But owing to the restriction of the city and countryside dual structure and system mechanism, the countryside production - factors market lacks due development, delay the establishment of market economic system constantly, 900 million peasant endure double suffering of ＂the market does not work＂ and ＂the govemment does not work＂ to the fullest extent, which cause the rural society to ＂the crisis of management＂. We should insist the basic principle of combining ＂advance wholly＂ and ＂break through＂ together especially, deepen the comprehensive reforms of rural economic system, political system, social system, culture system in an all - round way, provide system guarantee, financial resources support and motive force source for the newly rural reconstruction, strengthen the intemal vigor of rural development constantly, and expand the building of democracy at the grass - roots level constantly.