湖泊水质遥感研究进展

Advance in remote sensing of lake water quality

详述了湖泊遥感水质最新发展动态,如遥感水质模型的数学方法、与水质指标最敏感的波段以及TM、SPOT、MODIS、MERIS、AVHRR、CASI等传感器的适用情况,并分析了可能导致湖泊水质遥感模型误差的原因和解决办法。湖泊各项水质组分与光谱之间相互影响可认为是一种非常复杂的非线性关系,最适合用神经网络这样的黑箱模型来模拟。应当研究和选取敏感波段,用高光谱逐段分析与各种水质指标相关最密切的波段。湖泊水质遥感最终走向实用化必将其与水生态问题结合起来,作为一种监测手段,在水中藻类的时空分布、流域营养物质输送模型和湖泊水域水质模型等问题中得到广泛应用。我国学者使用超光谱数据源获得更为精确的监测成果还比较少,由于我国卫星可以用来进行水质遥感的波段比较宽,应当在新一代的资源环境卫星上加入更适合水质遥感的波段。

The latest developments of the remote sensing of lake water quality, such as the mathematic methods for the remote sensing of water quality model, the water quality indicators with the most sensible wave band and applications of TM, SPOT, MODIS, MERIS, AVHRR, CASI etc., the satellite sensors and the airborn remote sensing, as well as reasons and solution which probably result in the errors of remote sensing of the lake water quality model, are explicated and analyzed. It can be regarded as the most complex and non-linear black-box model for the effect of several components in lake water on each other. Thus it is the most useful for the remote sensing of water quality simulated by Bp ANN. And the sensible band, the ultra-spectrum as well as wave bands clearly associated with water quality indicators should be selected and studied. A good way of making the remote sensing of lake water quality become a practical monitoring method is that water quality remote sensing must be cgmbined with the aquatic eological problems. As a monitoring tool, it would be combined with the algae distribution in water, the nutrient transportation model and the lake water quality model. The ultra-spectrum data is seldom used in China, because the band width for the water quality monitor of sensor is not very suitable in China. We should develop the water quality sensors by ourselve.