青藏高原“黑土滩”退化高寒草甸草原的形成机制和治理方法的研究进展

Study on the forming mechanism of "black beach" degraded alpine meadow on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and the research progress on its restoration

高寒草甸是青藏高原天然草地的主体,也是我国最重要和面积最大的一个草地类型。“黑土滩”是高寒草甸退化的综合表现,对当地、我国甚至东南亚和南亚的生态安全和经济发展具有重大的影响。本文论述了高寒草甸生态系统的气候、土壤、植被和动物特点,全面综述了“黑土滩”退化草地的特征和表现,分析了导致“黑土滩”形成的诸因素及其形成的综合原因和机理,阐述了“黑土滩”对生态环境和草地畜牧业生产的不利影响和危害,提供了恢复和治理“黑土滩”退化草地的原则和具体技术方法。

Alpine meadow is the principal part of natural grassland on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and it is also the most important and largest grassland type in China. ＂Black Beach＂is the compositive embodiment of alpine gedragation and it is greatly affecting the ecological safe and economical development of local area,China, even Southeast Asia and South Asia. The characteristics of climate, soil, vegetation and animal in alpine meadow ecosystem were discussed and the features of degraded alpine meadow were summarized in this paper. The causes and mechanism of ＂black beach＂were analyzed and the principles and technologies for its restoration were provided as well.