突发性水污染事故的应急处理

Emergency Treatment of Sudden Water Pollution Accident

近年来,我国城市水源地突发性污染事件日益增加,如何保护水源地生态环境安全和城市供水系统安全,以及如何快速、有效地处理突发性水污染事故已成为亟需解决的问题。介绍了突发性水污染事故应急处理的一般程序,重点讨论了应急措施、处理技术及区域污染物的处理方法。对于危及城市自来水厂区域的突发性污染事故,若在其处理能力范围内,可采用强化混凝、三级处理、备用水源地取水、开启与邻近城市间的备用供水管网等应急处理方法向城市供水;对于自来水厂取水口等遭受污染的水域,可采用吸附、化学沉淀、化学氧化、强化消毒等方法对不同污染物进行治理或隔离。

In recent years, with the ever-increasing of sudden pollution accidents occurred in water source areas in China, many problems need to be solved urgently, such as how to protect the security of ecological environment in water source areas and the security of municipal water supply system, and how to rapidly and effectively deal with sudden water pollution accidents. The general procedures of the emergency treatment are presented. Additionally, the detailed emergency treatment measures, techniques and the methods of area contaminants treatments are discussed emphatically. Toward the sudden pollution accidents endangering the municipal waterworks＇ areas, if the pollutants are in the treating capacity of the waterworks, some actions should be taken to supply the citizens with clean water, such as enhanced coagulation, tertiary treatment, intake water from stand-by water source and opening stand-by water supply network connected with an adjacent city. The different pollutants in polluted water areas located in waterworks＇ intakes should be treated or separated by certain measures, such as adsorption, chemical precipitation, chemical oxidation and enhanced disinfection.