25年来秦俑馆旅游生命周期与结构变化研究

Tourism lifecycle and structure changes in Qin's Terra-cotta museum for 25 years in Shaanxi

将旅游地的成长看成是有生命的自组织过程,以1980-2005年统计数据,着眼陕西秦始皇兵马俑博物馆入境旅游、国内旅游、客源结构、人均消费及旅游收入的变化过程分析,从新角度探讨了旅游地的成长与结构变化的关系,丰富了对旅游地生命周期的认识。结果发现,秦俑馆入境旅游呈“扇贝型”增长,国内旅游为“主循环-再循环型”周期波动,入境游客在总游客中所占比例逐渐提高,人均旅游消费额不断提升,致使旅游经济收入摆脱了客流量生命周期的影响而得益延长,为我国国际名牌旅游产品从外延性客流量增长走向内涵型旅游收入增长提供了某些借鉴。

The tourism growth in a scenery sight is a self-organized phenomenon. With the tourism development and tourist growth, it causes regular changes of product structure, tourist-resource structure and consumption structure, etc. The Qin＇ s Terracotta Museum is the highlight of international tourism products of China and the main tourism product of Xi＇an facing international and domestic market. In this paper, the dynamic process and structure changes are analyzed about inbound tourists, domestic tourists, tourist-resource structure, average consumption, tourist receipt based on the statistic data from 1980 to 2005. Results are as follows： the inbound tourists is scallop-type growing, domestic tourists fluctuate following＂main cycle and recycle＇style, inbound tourists and tourist consumption get higher and higher gradually, which enable tourism income cast off the impact of tourist lifecycle and further increase. In order to describe the changes, the six equations of tourism growth of the Museum are established, which are of inbound tourist, domestic visitors, rate of inbound visitors over the total, tourist average consumption and tourist receipts. Based on the above, the dynamic conversion is discussed for the tourist flow, average consumption and tourism income, and the margin contribution of consumption growth is about equal to the growth of tourist flow. The experience of Qin＇ s Terra-cotta Museum tourism development provides some reference for Chinese international brand tourism product exploitation from external expansion depending on tourist＇ s growth to intensive development on structure.