中国南方水稻品种的粒重及其与主要性状间的关系

1000-grain Weight and Its Relationship with Important Characters of Rice Varieties in Southern China

对“十五”期间南方稻区国家水稻品种区试的946个(次)参试品种的千粒重分析表明,华南早籼中大粒、中粒、中小粒品种各占30%左右;华南晚籼以中小粒、中粒品种为主;长江流域早籼、中籼分别是中粒、中大粒品种占绝大多数,晚籼和晚粳均以中大粒、中粒品种为主。相关分析表明,华南早、晚籼品种的千粒重与产量相关不显著,但长江流域各类型品种的千粒重与产量呈极显著正相关。水稻品种的千粒重与稻瘟病抗性之间不存在明显的内在相关性。长江流域中籼和晚粳品种的千粒重与垩白粒率及垩白度不存在显著相关,其它各类型品种的千粒重与垩白粒率及垩白度呈极显著正相关。提出了今后高产育种、品质育种中各类型品种的理想千粒重指标。

Based on the analysis of 1 000-grain weight of 946 rice varieties tested in the national regional trials of southern China from 2001 to 2005, it was found that the percentages of the varieties with LMG （large middle grains, 27.3 - 30.8 g）, MG （middle grains, 23.7 - 27.2 g） and SMG （small middle grains, 20.1 - 23.6 g） of the early indica of south China were all about 30%. The major types of varieties in late indica of south China were SMG and MG type. In the varieties of the Yangtze River Valley of China, most varieties of early indica and middle indica belonged to MG and LMG types, respectively, the major types of varieties in late indica and late japonica were LMG and MG types. The resuits of correlation analysis showed that there was not a linear correlation between 1 000-grain weight and grain yield in early indica and late indica of south China, but there existed a very significant positive correlation between 1 000-grain weight and grain yield in all types of rice varieties in Yangtze River Valley of China. 1 000-grain weight was not correlated to blast resistance in all types of the tested rice varieties. It was also found that there was not a correlation of 1 000- grain weight to chalky rice percentage and chalkiness in the middle indica and late japonica of Yangtze River Valley, but there was a very significant positive correlation of 1 000-grain weight to chalky rice percentage and chalkiness in the other types of varieties including the early indica, late indica of both Yangtze River Valley and South China. The proper 1 000- grain weight was given for different types of rice varieties in high-yielding and good quality breeding.