2004～2005年山东省梁山县地方性氟中毒重点监测结果分析

Analysis of Surveillance Results of Endemic Fluorosis in Liangshan County,Shandong Province from 2004 to 2005

目的了解2004～2005年山东省梁山县地方性氟中毒防治工作现况及重点监测点东徐村地氟病病情变化。方法按照全国地方性氟中毒监测方案的要求,调查梁山县的改水进度,已改水工程管理、使用、饮水含氟量现况;对重点监测点东徐村10户居民末梢水含氟量进行检测,调查该点8～12岁儿童氟斑牙患病率、氟斑牙指数以及即时尿氟含量等。结果监测县梁山共有地氟病村215个,已完成降氟改水139个(128处改水降氟设施),改水完成率64.7%;128处改水设施能够正常使用的69处,占53.9%;69处正在使用的降氟设施水含氟量≤1.0 mg/L的2年检测平均为72.1%,水氟最高达4.28 mg/L。重点监测点东徐村10户末梢水含氟量每年检测均在0.5 mg/L以下且持续稳定;8～12岁儿童氟斑牙患病率两年分别为8.33%和6.25%,氟斑牙指数分别是0.24和0.18,尿氟含量几何均值在1.0 mg/L左右,已完全达非病区标准。结论改水降氟是控制饮水型地方性氟中毒行之有效的主要措施,但是监测县改水降氟措施落实进度缓慢,改水设施的正常利用率不高,对此,应加大投入,强化管理,加快改水降氟工作步伐,在整体上有效控制地方性氟中毒的发生。

Objective To understand the status of prevention and cure of endemic fluorosis and the changes of symptom of endemic fluorosis at Dongxu village in Liangshan County, Shandong Province from 2004 to 2005. Methods According to national surveillance program of endemic fluorosis, investigation on the progress of water- improving in Liangshan County, management and usage and fluoride content in drinking water for the water - improving project were carried out and the dental fluorosis and urinary fluoride were investigated in the children aged from 8 to 12 at Dongxu village. Results Out of 215 endemic fluorosis villages in Liangshan County, 131 villages completed the water- improving project with the accomplishment rate of 64.7%; Among 128 water- improving facilities in total, 69 worked normally accounting for 53.9%; The average of water fluoride content ≤ 1.0mg/L was 72.1% for the normal facilities during the 2 years, and the maximum value was 4.28mg/L. The end water fluoride content remained below 0.5mg/L at Dongxu village; and the prevalence rate of dental fluorosis in children aged 8 - 12 was 8.33% in 2004 and 6.25% in 2005 with the dental fluorosis index of 0.24 and 0. 18 ; the geometric mean of the urinary fluoride in children was about 1.0 mg/L. Conclusions The water - improving and defluoridation is a major way of controlling drinking water- born endemic fluorosis, however, the measures of water- improving has been carried out slowly and fa- cilities have not been used sufficiently. So, it is suggested to strengthen the management, increase investment, speed up the steps in water - improving and effectively control the endemic fluorosis on the overall.