激光熔覆及其在水中兵器修复上的应用

Laser Cladding and Its Applications to Repairing Underwater Weapons

激光熔覆具有热变形和热影响区小、对材料性能影响少、修补范围大及效率高等优点,美海军在水中兵器的快速低成本修补中大量使用了激光熔覆修复技术,不仅提高了修复质量,与镀铬修复相比,不会产生环境污染,而且还降低了修复成本。该修复技术已经在鱼雷壳体、发动机汽缸缸体、垂直发射系统的发射管、阀座、阀杆和轴等易受到腐蚀和磨损部位的修补中得到了应用与推广,取得了极好的经济效益,具有现实意义,因此受到海军的高度重视,该文介绍了美海军舰船上采用这种技术的现状和进展,对我国今后开展这方面的研究将有启示作用。

Laser Cladding has many advantages in the repair process of naval vessel components, such as small thermal deformation and heat effect zone, little effect on the performances of base material, large repaired area, and high bond efficiency. The laser cladding repairing technique has been adopted by the U. S. Navy to repair underwater weapons quickly with low cost. Comparing with chromeplating technique, it will not pollute environment, and the cost is lower. This technique has been used on the U. S. Naval submarines for repairing the corrosion and wear components to reduce cost, such as torpedo shell, torpedo engine cylinder body, vertical launch system （VLS） tubes, valve seat and stem, and propeller shafts, etc. This paper summarizes the current status and progress of the laser cladding technique for underwater weapons in the U.S. Navy to provide a reference for the research in this field.