金属矿山固体废物的鉴别与处置方法探讨

Identification of Solid Wastes from Metal Mines and Discussions of Their Disposal Methods

一般含硫较高的硫化金属矿山废石和尾矿属第Ⅱ类一般性固体废物,需要根据处置场的工程地质和水文地质条件确定其防渗结构;但废石及尾矿浸出毒性监测结果表明为第Ⅰ类一般性固体废物,实际设计时我国的废石场和尾矿库也均按第Ⅰ类一般性固体废物进行设计,不采取任何防渗措施,根据笔者长期的跟踪和调查,废石场和尾矿库工程设计未采取防渗措施,造成部分硫化金属矿山地下水和土壤受到不同程度的污染,鉴于目前毒性浸出鉴别标准的局限性,建议硫化金属矿山工程设计和环境影响评价时,应类比同类型矿山废石场淋溶水和尾矿库外排废水水质监测值,确定其废石场和尾矿库是否要采取防渗措施。

Waste rock and railings from sulphide metal mines belong to the class-Ⅱ general solid wastes and their antiseepage structure needs to be determined according to the engineering geologic and hydrogeologic conditions of the disposal sites; But the toxicity monitoring on leachate from waste rock dump and railings ponds shows that they belong to class-Ⅰ general solid waste, and the design of waste dumps and tailings ponds in China is made based on class-Ⅰ general solid wastes, without any antiseepage measures. According to the long-time investigation and tracking of the author, the ground water and soil of some metal mines have been polluted to a certain extent for the reason of no antiseepage measures taken in waste dump and tailing pond design. In consideration of the limitation of current toxicity identification standard for leachate, it is suggested that comparisons between water qualities monitored on leachate from waste rock dumps and tailing ponds of similar mines should be made in design and environment assessment of sulphide metal mines so as to determine whether antiseepage measures are taken for waste reek dumps and tailing ponds.