精神的异变与心灵的救赎——论俄瑞斯忒斯主题在奥尼尔《悲悼》三部曲中的现代性呈现

Spiritual Mutation vs Psychical Salvation——The Orestes Theme:Its Modernist Representation in Eugene O'Neill's Mourning Becomes Electra

作为一个颇有争议的文学母题,作为古希腊文化对人类命运与生存境况的特别关注,俄瑞斯忒斯主题始终内涵着古老而又常青的生命回响和神圣启示,各个时代诸多戏剧家借助它展现和寄寓其对人生意义的思考和对现实悖谬的反抗。美国戏剧之父奥尼尔在其著名悲剧《悲悼》三部曲中,为古老的俄瑞斯忒斯主题注入了现代心理学因素,从而更深刻地探索到了人类灵魂的最隐秘处,从潜意识层面反映出人类精神上的生存困境,并以重塑自由意志和自愿选择受难的方式,最终从根本上实现了对命运的抗争和对心灵的救赎。

As a muhivalent and disputable parent subject to show ancient Greek concerns for human fate and existence, the Orestes theme contains some old but evergreen enlightenments, which has been used by dramatists to interpret the meaning of life and their resistance to realistic conflicts. In his Mourning Becomes Electra, famous American dramatist Eugene O＇Neill infuses modernist psychological elements into the old theme, explore into the innermost of the human soul and reflect man＇s spiritual dilemma at an unconscious level,so as to struggle for human fate and seek psychical salvation by means of remoulding free will and volunteering to undergo great suffering.