核分析相关技术用于上海市大气污染特征研究

Characteristic of aerosol pollution in Shanghai city by nuclear analysis related techniques

本文研究了近年来上海市区和郊区大气气溶胶颗粒物的污染状况,采用的多种核分析方法及相关技术有质子激发X荧光分析(PIXE)、激光粒径谱仪(LPS)、同步辐射X射线吸收精细结构(XAFS)和扩展X射线吸收谱精细结构(EXAFS)分析等先进技术。充分发挥核分析技术高灵敏度、快速无损、多元素微量微区同时分析的优势,从大气颗粒物的形貌特征、粒径分布、质量浓度、元素浓度、化学价态等入手,对上海大气可吸入颗粒物PM2.5和PM10展开多方位的综合研究。

Many kinds of advanced nuclear analytical methods and related techniques, i.e. particle induced X-ray emission （PIXE）, laser particle spectroscopy （LPS）, synchrotron radiation X-ray absorption fine structure （XAFS） and extended X-ray absorption fine structure （EXAFS）, have been used to study the pollution states of atmospheric aerosol particulate matter in Shanghai urban districts and suburbs in recent years. The superiorities of nuclear analysis technology such as high sensitivity, time-saving, nondestructive, multi-elements analysis at the same time and so on are fully displayed. The synthetic researches of the particulate matter including morphology, particle size distribution, mass concentration, elemental concentration, chemical valence state and source identification are performed.