毛母质瘤40例临床病理分析

Clinical and pathological analyses of 40 cases with pilomatricoma

目的:探讨毛母质瘤的临床和病理特点。方法:对40例毛母质瘤进行了临床资料和组织病理回顾性分析。结果:男女发病比例为1:1,平均发病年龄21.2岁,平均病程2.3年,10岁以内发病者20%,20岁以内者40%,30～40岁35%,除1例多发外,均为单发的质地较硬的皮下结节,有压痛者7例(17.5%),病理上均可见到影细胞。发现3例特殊类型,1例表现为穿通型,其中2例为与表皮囊肿相关的毛母质瘤。临床正确诊断率15%。结论:毛母质瘤少见,临床表现多样,影细胞是确诊的重要依据和必要条件。病理上可以出现特殊类型。

Objective： To determine the clinical and pathological characteristics of pilomatricoma. Methods： Clinical and pathological data from 40 cases of pilomatricoma were retrospectively reviewed. Results： The ratio of male to female was 1：1. The average age at onset of the disease was 21.2 years. The mean duration of the disease was 2.3 years. The disease started at the age of younger than 10 years in 20% of the patients and 40% of patients at the age of younger than 20 years. Another peak age at onset of the disease was from 30 to 40 years, accounting for 35% of the patients. The main clinical presentation was single hard subcutaneous nodule. Only 7 patients （ 17.5% ） had pain of the lesion. Pathologically shadow cells were found in all cases. Three special types of pilomatricoma were observed. One was perforating pilomatricoma and other two were those in association with epidermal cysts. Clinically the correct diagnosis rate was 15%. Conclusion ： Pilomatricoma is rare and shows clinical diversities. Shadow cells are important and necessary to the correct diagnosis.