摘要
北极淡水鱼类和洄游鱼类渔业为北方经济做出了重大贡献。但是,对于淡水水体,气候变化和增长的紫外线辐射对渔业产生的巨大影响有3个方面:可获鱼的数量、质量和捕捞成功率。因此,在这些影响发生作用之际,可能需要实质有效的适应行为以引导北极未来的渔业走向可持续性。当务之急是为商业渔业选择灵活和快速反应的"适宜管理"方式;改变生计渔业的当地土地和资源利用模式;改变很多休闲渔业的特性、管理方式和地点。总的来说,在气候变化及其对北极淡水水域和生物区影响的复杂性和不确定性情况下,为保证生态系统和主导鱼种有足够的恢复力和应对将来变化的能力,需要对渔业的各个方面实施更保守的管理办法。
Fisheries for arctic freshwater and diadromous fish species contribute significantly to northern economies. Climate change, and to a lesser extent increased ultraviolet radiation, effects in freshwaters will have profound effects on fisheries from three perspectives: quantity of fish available, quality of fish available, and success of the fishers. Accordingly, substantive adaptation will very likely be required to conduct fisheries sustainably in the future as these effects take hold. A shift to flexible and rapidly responsive 'adaptive management' of commercial fisheries will be necessary; local land- and resource-use patterns for subsistence fisheries will change; and, the nature, management and place for many recreational fisheries will change. Overall, given the complexity and uncertainty associated with climate change and related effects on arctic freshwaters and their biota, a much more conservative approach to all aspects of fishery management will be required to ensure ecosystems and key fished species retain sufficient resiliency and capacity to meet future changes.
