自由平等思想的逻辑演绎——马君武与卢梭之透视比较

Freedom and Equality Deduced in Logic——A Comparison between Rousseau's Thoughts and Ma Junwu's Perception

马君武十分推崇卢梭阐释的自由原理,但他的跟踪译述大多只在译著文本上进行,卢梭十分关注的自由与人之本质、自然权利、自然法原理的关系以及社会契约如何可能等议题,马君武并未对其进行深入挖掘。究其原因,在马君武看来,从事实、事功的层面解读卢梭才是当务之急。故此,在解读卢梭的自由思想上,马君武存在以下几个倾向与特点:一是,与其说马君武是在解读卢梭,还不如说他向近代国人作了一次彻底的革命宣传;二是,近代思想知识界(甚至今天的国人)共同习惯的一种思维路径造成了中西方思想文化沟通的障碍;三是,马君武在近代中国这一语境下言说着“自我:——不是思想逻辑的表达,而是事实的申辩,因而,某种程度上说,正是前后紧继的革命浪潮淹没了学理论证及学术正态发展。

Ma Junwu praised highly Rousseau＇s theory of freedom. However, since he just did a literal translation of Rousseau＇s hooks, he payed more attention to the reality of freedom and equality than the value when expounding Rousseau＇s theory of freedom. In fact, Rousseau clarified the dichotomy of the fact and the value; moreover, he preferred the latter and deduced in logic. To a certain extent, the essence of freedom and equality was gold back by the tide of revolution.