工业用铅冷加速器驱动次临界系统(ADS)初步概念设计

Preliminary conceptual design of a 800 MWt lead cooled accelerator driven subcritical system

本文进行了热功率为800 MW工业用铅冷ADS(加速器散裂中子源驱动的次临界系统)的概念设计。设计要求嬗变堆在运行的全过程中满足设定的各项技术要求:散裂源中子的能量增益M>400,keff<0.98,峰值线功率密度低于30 kW/m,此外,要求嬗变燃料的平均燃耗深度大于20%。为此,进行了倒料计算,直至堆运行达到平衡状态。设计特点是将嬗变燃料靠近中子源以期提高嬗变率,外围燃料棒含丰产燃料并采用可燃毒物以减缓keff随燃耗的下降。设计考虑了物理与热工问题,说明从堆的角度看,设计方案能满足P&T技术对嬗变堆有效处置次量锕系核素(MA)的要求,平均燃耗深度大于20%,可望将需要深埋处置MA的数量降低至1/100,而支持比则可达10以上。

A conceptual design of a 800 MWt lead cooled accelerator driven subcritical system （ADS） is presented. The following design requirements should be fulfilled through the whole operation process of the transmutation reactor： the energy multiplication of the spallation source neutron M〉400, the effective multiplication coefficient keff〈0.98, and the peak linear power density of fuel elements p1〈30 kW/m; meanwhile, the average burnup of the fuel for transmutation should reach about 20%. For this purpose, the multi-recycling calculation has been performed until a equilibrium status is reached. The design features in putting the non-fertile transuranic fuel next to the neutron source to get a high transmutation rate, and arranging a fuel zone with fertile and burnable poison in the outer region to slow down the drop of kerr with operation. The thermal aspect of lead coolant is considered. It is concluded that, with respect to reactor, this conceptual design with a support ratio of more than 10 can meet the requirement of deep burn-up of MA set by P＆T technology to the reactor; so that a reduction in the actinide content of the HLW by a factor of 100 can be expected.