锁孔入路微创手术治疗颅内复杂动脉瘤

Microsurgical treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms via keyhole approaches

目的探讨锁孔入路微创手术治疗颅内复杂动脉瘤的可行性及其疗效。方法颅内复杂动脉瘤共31例42个,包括颈内动脉分叉部动脉瘤2个,大脑前动脉瘤1个,后交通动脉瘤12个,脉络膜前动脉瘤2个,大脑中动脉瘤7个,前交通动脉瘤6个,基底动脉瘤2个[基底动脉与小脑上动脉(BA-SCA)分叉处动脉瘤,基底动脉与大脑后动脉、小脑上动脉(BA-SCA-PCA)分叉处动脉瘤各1个],椎动脉瘤2个,大脑后动脉瘤4个,眼动脉瘤4个。其中多发性动脉瘤10例,巨大动脉瘤14例,后循环动脉瘤7例8个,磨除前骨突后进行动脉瘤夹闭4例。分别采用眉弓锁孔入路、翼点锁孔入路、颞下锁孔入路、枕下外侧锁孔入路及乳突后锁孔入路进行手术。结果动脉瘤夹闭术31个,微小动脉瘤包裹术2个,夹闭加巨大动脉瘤体切除术5个,孤立加瘤体部分切除术2个,孤立术1个,手术前破裂1个。术后近期 GOS 疗效评定,27例好,2例轻残,2例死亡。结论锁孔入路可有效控制动脉瘤出血及进行前床突骨质磨除、巨大动脉瘤切除、载瘤血管塑型等操作。在个体化的手术设计及精湛的显微手术技术基础上,锁孔微创入路治疗颅内复杂动脉瘤安全、简捷、有效。

Objective To explore the feasibility and effect of microsurgical treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms via keyhole approaches. Methods Operation via keyhole approach was performed on thirty-one patients with 42 complex intracranial aneurysms were operated on, including 2 internal carotid artery bifurcation aneurysms, 1 anterior cerebral artery aneurysm, 12 posterior communicating artery aneurysms, 2 anterior choroids artery aneurysms, 7 middle cerebral artery aneurysms, 6 anterior communicating artery aneurysms, 2 basilar artery aneurysms, 2 vertebral artery aneurysms, 4 posterior cerebral artery aneurysms and 4 ophthalmic artery aneurysms, among which were 10 cases with multiple intracranial aneurysms, 14 with giant aneurysms, and 7 with posterior circulation aneurysms, and 4 aneurysms clipped by drilling off anterior clinoid process. Six of the 31 patients who had giant aneurysms came to hospital because of the symptoms, such as dizziness, headache, oculomotor paralysis, loss of vision, etc, and the other 25 patients were grouped according to the subarachnoid hemorrhage （SAH） Grade： 5 in grade Ⅰ , 12 in grade Ⅱ , 7 in grade Ⅲ and 1 in grade Ⅳ. Eight patients were operated on after SAH in the early-phase, while 8 in the middle-phase and 9 in the late-phase. The supraorbital subfrontal keyhole approach was used 25 times, the pterional approach 5 times, the subtemporal approach 3 times, and both the suboccipital lateral approach and the retromastoid approach once. Results 31 of the 42 aneurysms were clipped, 2 mini-aneurysms wrapped, 5 giant aneurysms clipped and resected, 2 aneurysms trapped with thrombotic aneurysm partially resected, 1 aneurysm trapped, while 1 ruptured before operation and untreated. Short-term Glasgow outcome scoring showed good recovery in 27 patients, moderate disability in 2, and death in 2. Conclusion Operation via keyhole approaches effectively controls the immature mpture of intracranial aneurysm, removes anterior clinoid process, resects giant aneurysm, and reconstructs the parent artery of wide-neck aneurysm. Based on individualized surgical approaches and excellent microsurgical skills, the complex intracranial aneurysms can be treated safely, directly and effectively via minimally invasive keyhole approaches.