日本江户幕府末期的幕藩体制与商品经济

On Relations Between Bakuhan System and Commodity Economy in the Later Edo-Japan

江户中后期幕府的改革并没有从根本上挽救幕藩体制的危机,18世纪末19世纪初,幕藩制商品流通机构开始解体,其主要表现是以大阪为代表的特权性质的中央市场逐渐衰落,而以广大农村小商品生产的发展为基础的民族性统一市场逐渐形成,加之幕末各藩的成功改革以及开国贸易给日本国内经济带来的巨大冲击,幕藩体制及其商品流通机构最终瓦解了。

Bakufu＇s reform didn＇t postpone the crisis of Bakuhan System in the later Edo-Japan. And its organizations of commodity circulation began to dissolve, especially those center markets that had exclusive advantages declined gradually, for example, the market of Osaka at the end of 18th century and at the beginning of 19th century. In contrast, a united national market came into being based on small commodity production in the whole countryside. In the end, Bakuhan System including its organizations of commodity circulation eclipsed root and branch in Japan because of the successful reform of Hans and the great push to the domestic economy which came with the opening to the outside world.